Month: August 2023

Perfume is one of the smallest yet most enduring pleasures we take in daily life, and finding that perfect fragrance is like the finishing touch on any outfit. Whether it makes you feel more confident or elicits memories of past relationships, perfume is one of those things that can instantly alter your mood. But before you start spritzing, it’s important to understand how perfumes are made and what the different scent notes in your favorite fragrances mean. Modern perfumes are a mix of tens to hundreds of ingredients, including essential oils (derived from plants or synthetic aromatic chemicals), fixatives, and solvents. The dilution and blending process gives the finished product its long-lasting scent and unique personality. The essential oil or extract serves as the base of the perfume, while fixatives and solvents add intensity and longevity. Depending on the ingredients, perfumes are divided into fragrance families. These are combinations of fragrances that share similar qualities, such as the notes used or the way they evolve over time. There are also individual notes, such as the top, middle, and base. The top, also known as the head notes, are the first scents you smell when applying a perfume and are usually more intense. The middle, or heart, notes develop over time and are more subtle. The base notes, which are the longest-lasting, are what lingers on your skin after the top and middle notes fade. Fragrance chemists add in special additives to slow the evaporation of the perfume and give it an added aroma. These ingredients, like musk from beavers and ambergris from sperm whales, can add a subtle but distinct characteristic to the scent and may help enhance its durability. Other fixatives, like sage, ylang-ylang, and frankincense, may add a richness and depth to the fragrance that is difficult to replicate synthetically. After all of these components are mixed together, the resulting perfume is tested and bottled. Then, it’s ready to wear. While most people have a signature fragrance that they stick with, experimenting with a variety of scents can help you discover what works best for you and your body chemistry. Keep in mind that perfumes can last years when stored properly and sprayed correctly, but once they start to lose their potency, it’s time for an upgrade. To extend the lifespan of your perfumes, store them in a cool, dark place where they won’t be exposed to sunlight or heat, which can cause them to degrade faster. Also, avoid rubbing your perfumes together or touching them directly to other objects, which can dilute and change the scent.

The lingerie empire that defined a generation gets the docu-series treatment in the new Hulu series. A sex, power and money drama that is set to titillate, the three-part Victoria’s Secret: Angels and Demons exposes the dark underbelly of the billionaire brand in an epic look at fashion, misogyny and the power of the media. When Ron Raymond opened the first Victoria’s Secret store and catalog in 1977, he was aiming to take a niche category of women’s underwear and make it mainstream. His idea was to lure women with a combination of English romance and modern feminist imagery, offering new colors, patterns and styles that promised sexiness packaged in tasteful, glamorous ways. The brand thrived. By 1982, it had grown to five stores and a 40-page catalog, grossing a reported $6 million per year. Its success was bolstered by the introduction of the Miracle Bra in 1993, which quickly became the best-selling bra of its kind. The company also launched a TV show featuring barely-there models wearing massive wings, heavy makeup and six-inch heels. The Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show was a pop culture phenomenon that helped the brand become an industry titan. But over the years, the brand’s image shifted to exude an unattainable and narrow definition of beauty. The bombastic Fashion Show was relegated to the ether in 2018 as its audience dwindled, and the brand’s leaders—including CEO Ed Razek and chairman and former CEO Leslie Wexner—were accused of sexual misconduct and maintaining a culture of misogyny. Rival lingerie brands and startups have been gaining market share by tapping into the female consumer’s desire for more inclusive marketing. In 2019, Wexner stepped down as chairman and CEO of parent company L Brands, and the company sold a majority stake to private equity fund Sycamore Partners. A 2020 New York Times investigation uncovered the fact that Wexner had been working with Jeffrey Epstein, a suspected pedophile, in the 1990s, when Wexner was still the CEO of L Brands and its flagship brand Victoria’s Secret. A new era for the brand has begun, with a redesigned website, a more inclusive marketing strategy and an expanded size range. The brand has swapped out its long-running roster of Angels (the supermodels who bare all for the brand) in favor of an ad campaign that features women from around the world who aren’t afraid to embrace their bodies. And it has taken steps to develop products that previously were a glaring omission—nursing and mastectomy bras. As a result of its rebrand and revamp, the brand has seen a slight uptick in sales. But it remains a distant leader in the crowded and competitive lingerie space, with a market share of just 24% in 2018, according to data from research firm Coresight. And it continues to battle back DTC rivals that have benefited from consumers’ growing desire for more inclusivity and customization. It’s an intriguing story that, when coupled with the explosive revelations in the new series, should be a must-see for any consumer.

If you’re like most women, your perfume is a crucial finishing touch to your daily look. Not only does a well-formulated fragrance add an instant boost of confidence and elevate your mood, but it leaves an olfactory imprint on those who encounter you. Perfumes have a unique power to trigger happy memories and evoke emotions—it’s no wonder we all associate certain smells with our childhoods, vacations, and even first loves. As a result, it’s important to find the right women perfume that captures your personality and suits the occasion. Whether you prefer a light and fresh scent that’s reminiscent of a just-picked lemon or an intense floral that resembles a flowery valley, the Belk collection offers plenty of options for everyone. Ahead, we’ve rounded up 46 of the best perfumes for women—whether you want to feel like a princess for date night or are looking for a long-lasting signature fragrance. The selection includes eau de parfum and eau de toilette options, as well as gift sets that make it easy to try many of the newest scents. While there is no scientific proof that a particular scent can influence one’s mood, it has been reported that scents are perceived as a sign of cleanliness and social status in many cultures. As such, it’s no surprise that we spend so much time determining what we smell like and spritzing on a little extra fragrance. Choosing the perfect perfume can be daunting, but a few simple guidelines can help you narrow down your options. Start by determining which fragrance profiles you tend to gravitate towards: Do you prefer light and fresh or deep and musky? Once you have an idea of what type of fragrances appeal to you, it’s also helpful to think about the scents that are important to your everyday lifestyle. For example, if you love to go out hiking, try a woody and earthy fragrance, such as the iconic Dior Homme’s La Vie Est Belle Intensement. Or, if you’re a modern minimalist who loves to travel, opt for a clean and fresh fragrance that’s formulated without synthetic ingredients like neroli and petitgrain from Kilian’s Love, Don’t Be Shy. While you’re shopping for the best perfumes for women, check out these beauty stories to discover new skincare, makeup, and haircare products you’ll fall in love with. Chloe Metzger is the deputy beauty director at Cosmopolitan with nearly 10 years of experience researching, writing, and editing everything from cystic acne treatments to best magnetic eyelashes. She chose the perfumes above based on her own personal testing and expert reviews. To learn more about the most popular perfume notes, OnBuy analyzed the top fragrances on the market and found that green apple, berries, black currant, and pineapple were some of the most common. They also found that lavender, iris, and Bulgarian rose were some of the most popular fragrance notes among women. Regardless of what your favorite fragrances are, remember that the scent attaches to the skin best when you’re hydrated.

Fragrance (also perfume, olfactory, or scent) is the odor of flowers and other growing things. It is the combination of essential oils or other chemical compounds and may be diluted with alcohol or other solvents. Perfume is often associated with romance, seduction, and arousal. It has also been found to increase perceived attractiveness. Despite its prominence in culture, research on fragrance is relatively sparse. Perfume has been studied as a reinforcer, but the interplay between conscious and neurobiological processes is not well understood. The olfactory sense is the human organ that perceives odors and sends them to the brain, where they are perceived as pleasure or unpleasantness. The olfactory system is composed of three parts: the nose, the olfactory bulb, and the limbic system. A combination of these components sends signals to the hippocampus and amygdala, which have been linked to emotion, memory, and reward. Interestingly, the receptors in the nose are also linked to sexual function and cognition. Perfume has been used since ancient times, but only during the eighteenth century did it become an integral part of fashion. It was considered to be a sign of wealth and class, and different perfumes were created for the aristocracy, bourgeoisie, and middle classes. Aristocrats were expected to change their perfumes daily. A perfume is a mix of different fragrance notes that are combined to create a harmonious scent accord. A perfume’s olfactory qualities can be described using musical metaphors; the top notes (also called head notes) produce the initial impression of the scent and evaporate quickly, followed by the deeper middle notes that develop as the top note fades, and finally the base notes emerge. These are the more intense scents that remain for two minutes to an hour after a person has applied the perfume. There are many types of perfume, and their names are derived from the ingredients they contain. Depending on the concentration of the perfume, it can be referred to as an eau de parfum, eau de toilette, or eau de parfume concentrate, or simply as EdP, EdT, or EdC. Perfume ingredients are either natural or synthetic. Natural perfumes are based on plant extracts, while synthetic ones are synthesised by chemical companies using natural or non-natural raw materials such as aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Throughout most of history, perfume wearing and the use of certain fragrances were ungendered, with both men and women using them in equal proportions. However, during the nineteenth century, with the rise of germ theory and the belief that smells accompanied filth and illness, the public perception of perfume changed. It became a distinctly feminine fragrance, and the smell of floral blends and citruses was deemed exclusively feminine, while scents such as woody or musk-based perfumes were viewed as masculine. This resulted in a gender stereotype of perfume types and usage, which continues to this day. This article argues that future innovative research into the neurobiological underpinnings of perfume, including its rewarding properties, will help to dispel these stereotypes and allow people to choose their perfume according to their individual preferences.

Fashion is an ever-changing industry with influence from all areas of culture. Its dynamism is what makes it such a fascinating topic to explore. It’s impossible to define exactly what fashion is as trends change so quickly, but it is often described as a combination of changing trends in all aspects of culture, such as art, music, food and clothing. Fashion has a significant impact on society and continues to play an important role in the world of commerce. It is a major driver of the economy, with millions of people involved in the industry. This includes designers, tailors, seamstresses, dyers, modelers, photographers, printers and the many other individuals and businesses that support the creation and distribution of fashion. Clothes are not only necessary for the human body, but also serve as a form of personal expression. They can tell us what a person believes in, what they like, who they are and even what they do for a living. The fashion industry has become a global phenomenon and an integral part of our modern culture. Throughout history, fashion has played an important part in social change and advocacy. By wearing specific clothing, a person can show their solidarity with a movement or demonstrate their support for equality and other critical issues. Fashion has become a powerful tool for advocacy, and as the industry becomes more globalized, it is embracing sustainability as a key strategy to protect our planet. Trends start on the runways. Fashion shows are spectacles, with designers presenting over-the-top designs that look as if they came from another dimension. This dazzling display is meant to catch the attention of viewers and spark interest in their collections. Many of the styles seen on the runways go into mass production, but there are also some that remain exclusive couture pieces, made for a single individual. These are the pieces that fans save up for, buy and then model their own outfits after. Famous personalities have always influenced fashion, with artists, musicians and other celebrities inspiring the styles that the rest of society follows. The upper echelons of society have long exploited changes in fashion as a way to signal their wealth and status. A snazzy new dress or coat could mean that the wearer is surrounded by servants, can afford expensive food and drink or that they are simply at the height of their popularity. Once a style loses popularity, it is considered out of fashion and may sit in a store’s clearance section for a while. However, it is not uncommon for similar styles to resurface at some point in the future. This is known as cyclical fashion, and it can be a good thing for the environment as consumers will not continue to waste money on clothes they don’t need. However, this can also be dangerous if a consumer is easily swayed by the latest trends and is not capable of making independent choices. This type of consumer is called a “fashion victim.”

Perfume is a combination of a water or ethanol solution with scented oils blended in. Perfume oil comes from either natural or synthetic sources. Synthetics are usually used to provide fragrance compounds that are not available naturally or would be too expensive if extracted from natural sources. Perfume ingredients can also include colorants and anti-oxidants to improve marketability and extend perfume shelf life. During the Renaissance and into the nineteenth century, perfume wearing was ungendered, with both men and women enjoying the luxury of scenting themselves. But the spread of germ theory, along with a cultural view that smells of filth carried disease, led to a decline in perfume use and a gender stereotype for specific scents: sweet floral blends were viewed as exclusively feminine, while sharper woody, pine or cedar scents became distinctly masculine. Early perfumes were created by mixing oils of flowers, leaves and other plants in an oil base such as jojoba, almond or apricot kernel oil. Later, jojoba oil was replaced by the more potent perfume-grade alcohol ethyl hexane. Oils are obtained from plant materials using a variety of extraction methods, including steam distillation and solvent extraction. Some delicate oils require a technique called enfleurage in which petals are placed between layers of purified animal fats that become saturated with the flower’s fragrance, and then treated with alcohol to obtain a concentrated oil known as an absolute. Modern perfumes are often composed of a combination of natural and synthetic aroma chemicals, along with essential oils and other ingredients such as resins, waxes, spices, and metals. Perfumes contain a wide variety of chemical scent families, including aldehydes (benzoic, cinnamic), hexanal, linalool, coumarin and eugenol. The chemical composition of a perfume can be very complex, and the chemistry involved is still being studied to determine its effects on human health and the environment. Regardless of their source, all perfume ingredients, even those derived from plants, have the potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Several organizations monitor and test fragrance ingredients to assess their safety. In the United States, these organizations are the FDA and IFRA. In addition to the odorous properties of fragrance chemicals, many of these compounds have therapeutic properties and may be helpful in treating various conditions, including anxiety, depression, asthma, dermatitis and headaches. Moreover, a perfume’s odor can have an impact on one’s mood and can influence other people’s reactions to the wearer. In one study, researchers asked a group of women to choose a perfume and report their subjective ratings of its perceived effectiveness at improving a certain emotion or state of mind. The results showed that the perfume had a strong effect on the women’s emotions, and that this impact was related to the odorant’s hedonic quality and its resemblance to the desired state of mind. The researchers concluded that a perfume’s hedonic quality may be important in its ability to evoke a desirable emotional response, and that the same concept might apply to other types of fragranced products such as cosmetics.

The American lingerie retailer Victoria’s Secret is famous for its high-profile marketing, starting with its popular catalogue and annual fashion show featuring models dubbed Angels. Founded in 1977, the company is now part of L Brands and has expanded to over 1,000 physical stores and an online store worldwide. The documentary focuses on the company’s past and present, including its controversial history of misogyny and sexual misconduct. The film also explores the connection between its founder Les Wexner and Jeffrey Epstein, a disgraced financier accused of using his Victoria’s Secret connections to sexually exploit underage girls. While Wexner isn’t featured in the film, interviews with former executives paint a picture of a corporate culture that favored women who fit a narrow definition of beauty, even going so far as to refuse to produce maternity or shapewear products. The series also examines controversies involving the company’s Angels, including claims that some were paid less than their contracted salary and that some of them engaged in unhealthy relationships with men. Amid a wave of activism following the #MeToo movement, Victoria’s Secret has sought to shift its image in recent years by offering more inclusivity to consumers in terms of body size, race and gender. Its annual fashion shows have become less risqué, and the company has begun to feature more women of color in its ads and catalog images. Sales have been declining, however, and the new ad campaign seems to be an attempt to revive its fortunes. Although the company has been trying to make its lingerie more inclusive, some say that it’s not enough. Despite increasing selections, such as bralettes and sports bras, it continues to lack more padded and structured styles for bigger women. Additionally, the sizing for its bras becomes increasingly limited as you go up in cup size. In the largest cup size, for example, Victoria’s Secret only offers one style of bra. Upstart competitors such as ThirdLove and Savage X Fenty, on the other hand, offer a wider variety of options for all shapes and sizes. Whether you’re looking for a floral, fruity, or musky fragrance, the victoria secret perfumes have something to suit everyone. The ‘Crush’ perfume, for instance, is a zany combination of floral and spice that’s perfect for summer. If you’re in the mood for a softer scent, try the ‘Rapture’ perfume, which has a non-fruity and soothing musk that’s perfect for any occasion. The ‘Encounter’ fragrance is also a popular option. The blend of jasmine, lily, and white orchid creates a beautiful yet delicate scent that’s ideal for romantic occasions. Regardless of what you choose, a victoria secret perfume is sure to leave a lasting impression on anyone who smells it. Aside from perfumes, the victoria secret beauty line features bath and body products that are available in different varieties as well. They can be purchased at different retailers including Victoria’s Secret, Nordstrom and Shopee. Some of these stores also offer a range of victoria secret accessories, so that you can match your look with the right items.

A fragrance togel hari ini is one of the most personal choices you can make, a subtle reminder of beautiful memories or an opportunity to create new ones. Fragrance is one of the oldest beauty products, with ancient text and archaeological finds pointing to the first perfumes in Egypt and Mesopotamia as early as the 2nd millennium B.C. Whether you’re looking for a classic floral scent like Philosophy’s Amazing Grace or something sexy, sophisticated and aspirational like Chanel Coco Mademoiselle Eau de Parfum, there’s a perfume for every woman. A cult-favorite that never goes out of style, Chanel No. 5 is the kind of perfume that can take you from office days to ladies’ lunches to a night out on the town and still smell as heavenly as it did when you first spritzed it. You can buy the iconic perfume in a smaller 1.2 ounce travel spray or go big with the 3.4 ounce bottle that will look gorgeous on your nightstand. With its uplifting notes of bergamot, muguet blossoms and musk, this perfume feels fresh and feminine. The lightness of the fragrance makes it a great option for everyday wear. If you want to take your perfume to the next level, upgrade to the Eau de Parfum version and layer it with a Body Mist for even longer-lasting aroma. This perfume has a very feminine, delicate and elegant feel to it that will always be in style. Its blend of jasmine and Rangoon creeper, a fun South Indian flower, is feminine but also flirty and youthful. If you’re a beach girl at heart, you need this summery perfume in your arsenal. Its bright citrus and tropical fruits will remind you of warm sand and salty sea air. The best part is that it’s available in an eau de toilette, so you can pack it with your sunnies and bikini and enjoy it all year round. You don’t have to be a perfume expert to know that the rose family is always in style. And this is especially true for Le Labo’s Santal 33, which features the delicate flowers of iris and violet atop earthy depths of cedar and sandalwood. The unisex perfume is a sultry, seductive scent that would be perfect for date night or a night out with friends. As a longtime editor at Harper’s Bazaar and Vogue, Diana Vreeland was no stranger to luxury and a great perfume. And her beloved Gucci Bloom is the perfect example of a luxurious perfume that manages to be both delicate and sexy. Its blend of florals and Rangoon creeper are not too heavy and therefore suitable for any age, and its fruity top notes give it a sense of vibrancy. A reinterpretation of the brand’s original Pour Femme, this fragrance has an extra touch of sophistication thanks to its addition of white musk. It’s a great perfume for women who love to take risks and be themselves.

Fragrance is an umbrella term for a mixture of chemicals that emits an odor and may be pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral. Some people use the term interchangeably with perfume, but it is not the same thing. Perfume contains fragrant essential oils and other aromatic compounds that are blended together and used in a liquid mixture to produce a distinctive odor. Fragrance is made from both natural and synthetic ingredients. Many natural fragrances come from plants, but some come from animal sources such as whales or the civet cat. Modern perfumes and colognes typically contain several hundred natural and synthetic components. The earliest evidence for the practice of applying fragrance to the body dates back thousands of years. It was most popular during the ancient Middle East, Egypt, and India civilizations, as well as in the Roman Empire. The development of perfumery as an art began in the 19th century, with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin and coumarin that allowed perfumers to create odors that could not be obtained solely from natural aromatic sources. A combination of purified fats and flower oils produced through the enfleurage and maceration processes. A perfumer uses these as a starting point to develop a new composition. The initial impact of a fragrance on the sense of smell upon application to the skin, usually accentuated by adding a highly volatile chemical. The top note is the most important component in a perfume and the key to its initial sales appeal. Subtle characteristics that appear in the background of a fragrance, giving it depth. These notes are also referred to as heart notes, and they form the main character of the fragrance, providing an impression of warmth, cleanliness, or freshness. Natural scents will vary from supplier to supplier based on when and how the flowers are harvested, the extraction process, and other factors. These differences can cause a perfumer to prefer one flower over another, or a different extraction method to achieve a desired effect. Unscrupulous suppliers may even adulterate their raw materials by substituting or combining ingredients (such as adding Indian jasmine to Grasse jasmine) in order to increase the profits they make from selling the material. A compound that is added to a fragrance to make it last longer, reduce sillage (the spread of the scent) or to mask unwanted odors. These are often used as bases for a perfume and include ambergris, benzoin, cedar, musk, and vetivert. A combination of the heaviest and longest lasting raw materials that creates the backbone of a perfume. These are typically heavier and more intense than middle notes, and they can provide stability and tenacity to the overall fragrance. They can include woods, resins, and musks, such as ambergris and hedione.

Fashion is a concept of beauty and style that reflects one’s attitude and lifestyle. It is a social phenomenon and it has become a cult with today’s youngsters. However, they are forgetting the true essence of fashion which is not just limited to clothing, footwear and accessories. It is also about changing one’s inner self and thinking independently. There are many factors that cause a change in fashion, including social changes and financial influences. In addition, fashion is influenced by the media, such as magazines and television shows. For example, when celebrities wear new styles of clothes, it can affect the buying habits of the public. The clothing industry is one of the largest and most multifaceted industries in the world, and it is constantly evolving. The United States is home to the most prominent fashion houses, with a significant concentration in New York City and the Garment District. Other major fashion centers include Paris, London and Milan. A person’s taste in fashion is often a reflection of their cultural background, personal interests and personality. Fashions can also be influenced by social events and political climates. For instance, during the French Revolution in 1789, the styles of clothing changed dramatically. In modern times, fashion has been influenced by many different things, including music, movies and celebrities. People who follow the latest trends are called “fashionistas.” This trend has influenced many people worldwide, and it is reflected in their way of dressing. Although there are some advantages of being fashionable, it can also be detrimental to a person’s health. Moreover, being fashionable can have negative impacts on the environment and society. It is widely accepted that a person’s fashion tastes reflect the prevailing social conditions and economic forces. However, there is some evidence that suggests that a person’s taste in fashion can be determined by internal biological and neurological factors. This theory is known as the “fashion paradox.” The earliest documented example of continuous and accelerating change in clothing styles occurred in Europe during the late medieval period. This change was caused by a combination of factors, including a desire for more modest attire and changes in the availability of materials. Fashion is a cultural phenomenon that influences the design, manufacture and sale of garments and footwear. It has been an important part of human life since time immemorial. It has a direct influence on a person’s identity and personality, and it plays an important role in social interaction. Moreover, fashion can be a source of inspiration for the development of new clothing trends and ideas. These trends are usually dictated by a dominant culture, but they can also be influenced by other cultures. Fashion can also be defined as a type of art. However, some people do not consider fashion as a form of art because it is not considered functional.

Perfume is a liquid mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents used to give the skin, clothing, food, objects and living spaces an agreeable scent. The word comes from the Latin per meaning through and fumum or smoke, which refers to its ancient use as a way of diffusing pleasant smells over large areas. Historically, perfume was also used to protect from disease and infection; seventeenth century physicians treated plague victims by covering them with scented powders. Traditionally, natural animal and plant oils have been the main source of perfume ingredients. However, these can be expensive and hard to find, because thousands of flowers and plants must be harvested in order to produce a small amount of oil. Moreover, many of the plant oils are endangered because of over-collection or indiscriminate cultivation. The production of natural perfumes can also be problematic for the environment because it requires considerable amounts of water, which may be contaminated with undesirable substances. Modern perfumes contain from tens to hundreds of ingredients. Among the most important are a variety of odour compounds extracted from flowers, plants, trees and berries, as well as synthetic aromatic chemicals. These can be grouped according to their structural type (alcohols, esters, aldehydes and terpenes). A typical perfume contains one or more top notes, which are the fresh, volatile odours that are perceived immediately; middle or body notes, which add depth and fullness and a specific aroma; and base or end notes, which provide a warm, solid, long-lasting fragrance. The odours of each group are generally divided into families, which are grouped by one or more identifiable dominant odour. For example, the floral family is characterized by the aromas of jasmine, rose, lily of the valley and gardenia, while the woody group includes the aromatic grass vetiver, or khuskhus, and sandalwood oils. Other animal secretions, such as castor oil (called castoreum) from beavers; musk from the sperm whale and civet cat; and ambergris from the intestines of a male deer, are often employed to increase the lasting qualities of perfumes by acting as fixatives which slow down the evaporation rate of the more volatile perfume ingredients. Other such fixatives include mosses, resins and coal tar. Interestingly, certain odours have earned the reputation of being therapeutic because they are believed to trigger specific mood and physiological consequences. For example, odours associated with freshness and cleanliness are thought to promote feelings of vigor and energy, while the scent of rose is believed to calm and relieve anxiety. This type of “aromatherapeutic” effect is thought to be a result of the associative learning of odours with particular emotions and experiences. Perfumes are widely used in a wide range of personal care products, such as soaps and talcums, facial creams and powders, shaving gels and antiperspirants. They are even added to some foods, such as cheeses and breads, to impart a specific flavour. Moreover, they are used in some industrial settings to mask unpleasant odours or to mark a specific product.

Whether it’s a sexy new swimsuit or a comfy sleep set, there’s no doubt that the lingerie brand victoria secret is on a mission to reinvent itself. But moving inventory and staying relevant in a shifting retail landscape aren’t the only challenges facing Victoria’s Secret, which has seen its sales plummet since it stopped airing its annual fashion show in 2018. The company is also trying to win back consumers who grew disillusioned with its exclusionary view of women’s bodies and sexuality, which became an especially sensitive topic after the #MeToo movement and the lingering questions around founder Leslie Wexner’s relationship with registered sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Founded in 1977 by American businessman Roy Raymond, the brand rose to prominence through its catalogs that were sent to more than 200 million homes and dominated magazine pages. By the time Raymond sold the business to the Limited’s Leslie Wexner for $1 million in 1982, it had five stores and a 40-page catalog that grossed more than $500 million. In 1985, Victoria’s Secret hired Ed Razek as chief creative officer and tasked him with changing the image of the company. Under Razek’s direction, the lingerie company shifted its focus to female beauty standards and began to feature supermodel affiliates known as Angels in its promotional campaigns and televised fashion shows, which were held annually until they were halted in 2018 amid falling ratings. The models, including Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima, wore their famous wings and g-strings as they strutted down the runway and pole danced during the infamous event. The lingerie retailer is now in the midst of a major makeover, with new leadership that has ditched the Angels and launched new lines for bras for every size and body type. It’s also expanding the brand to include items that had been long neglected — nursing bras and mastectomy bras, for example — because they didn’t fit the male-driven definition of sexy. But it’s not clear that this will be enough to attract younger shoppers or re-engage disillusioned older ones, or to convince critics that Victoria’s Secret is truly committed to its image as a leader in inclusivity. And that’s not even counting the company’s struggles to keep its doors open amid a changing retail environment and an economic slowdown. For a closer look at what’s going on behind the scenes, we spoke to a former employee of the company and a branding expert who’s worked with the brand. They each shared their thoughts about how Victoria’s Secret can make its changes stick. The VS Credit Card doesn’t have an annual fee, so you can save money over time by paying off your balance. Plus, you’ll earn 3x rewards on every dollar spent at the store and online. Get more information and apply for the VS Credit Card here.

Whether you’re a fragrance fanatic or just starting to explore, the right scent can elevate even the most basic of ensembles. But with so many perfumes available, how do you know what’s best for you? Fortunately, there are a handful of perfumes for women that make it easy to find one that perfectly suits your personality and mood. Women perfume typically fall into one of four fragrance families: floral, fresh, woody and oriental. The flowery fragrance family is the most popular and versatile, ranging from the subtle smell of single flowers to full bouquets. Its light scent is perfect for day-to-day wear and pairs well with other perfume families. Floral perfumes for women can sometimes come off as a “grandma” fragrance, but Gucci Bloom takes a fresh twist on this genre with jasmine and Rangoon creeper (a fun South Indian plant that’s fragrantly similar to orchids). It’s the kind of fragrance you’ll want to keep in your bag for unexpected moments that call for a little extra something. A fresh and feminine perfume for women, CK One smells like a summer beach vacation. With notes of ruby red grapefruit, bergamot and spring mimosa, it’s the kind of scent that instantly puts you in a good mood. And its gleaming gold bottle makes it the perfect choice for a night out with friends. Yves Saint Laurent Libre is a perfume for the confident, independent woman who knows exactly what she wants and how to get it. Its scent is a mix of classic florals and fruity berries, with hints of musky amber and violet to give it an edge. This perfume for women is as timeless as it is modern, with a blend of musk and rose that’s sure to stand out from the crowd. Its clean, streamlined packaging is as chic on the vanity as it is in your purse. There are few perfumes as classic as Chanel No. 5, which embodies the effortless French glamour that has long been associated with this iconic brand. A reinterpretation of a vintage scent, it is delicate and floral without being overpowering and carries a sense of mystery that will never go out of style.

Fragrance is a combination of chemical ingredients that gives scented cosmetics their smell. It is also found in many household products like laundry detergents, fabric softeners and air fresheners. Fragrances are made from fragrant oils derived from plants and spices or synthetic aromatic chemicals. Cosmetic fragrances applied to the skin to create a pleasant odour include perfume, cologne and aftershave. It is often used to enhance a person’s self-image and may be an important social signal to others. Although the word “fragrance” may https://tensymp2020.com/ sound natural, it is actually an industry term for a mixture of thousands of chemicals. Fragrance ingredients are not regulated by the FDA, instead the fragrance industry sets its own standards through a trade group called the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) and the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM). Fragrance chemicals can be harmful to human health as they contain hormone-disrupting compounds, cause allergic reactions in some people, and contribute to ozone pollution, according to research (1). Using scent to convey a message is a very old and powerful practice. It can be a way to signal that you are happy or sad, or to tell the world that you are sexy or shy. Scent can also make us feel calm and stimulate memory recall (2). The most common use of a fragrance is in perfume, which is a liquid mixture of fragrant essential oils or synthetic aromatic chemicals (3). Perfume is applied to the neck or wrists and may last for a few hours after application. Fragrance is also used in soaps, lotions, shampoos, deodorants and hair care products. Some household products containing fragrance, such as detergents, fabric softeners and deodorizers, are also used to scent homes and cars. Whether we realize it or not, the fragrances in our personal care and household products are full of chemicals that have been shown to disrupt hormones, lead to allergies and even cancer in some people (4). They are also bad for the environment (5). When the chemicals in these products break down, they form volatile organic compounds that contribute to ozone pollution and fine particulate matter in air pollution, according to studies (6). Most personal care and household products labeled as containing fragrance contain perfume, and they don’t require an FDA review before going on the market (7). Some fragrance ingredients, however, can be classified as drugs if they claim to treat a condition, such as easing muscle aches, and are then regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (8). Compared to synthetic fragrances, pure essential oil perfume is much more natural and free of the hormone-disrupting and allergenic chemicals (9). There are several ways to extract a fragrance from plant material (10). The most common method is distillation, in which the material is heated to high temperatures to release the desired oils. Other methods, including expression and maceration, can be used for more delicate materials or more difficult-to-extract oils. Enfleurage is a technique that involves soaking the material in solvents that act as a carrier for essential oils, but this method is no longer used commercially (11,12). These methods are also costly and time-consuming (12,13). The raw materials may then be blended with chemicals to achieve a particular scent (11). The chemicals in perfume can have a wide variety of effects on the body, including allergic reactions, sensitization and cognitive effects (16). Fragrance is a very powerful product.

Fashion is a societal phenomenon – it is the way in which people choose to dress. It is considered an art form and a cultural expression that is constantly evolving. It is widely thought that fashion trends reflect societal changes and are often influenced by the financial interests of designers and manufacturers. However, there is also evidence that fashion reflects internal taste mechanisms and is a reflection of personal identity. Fashion can be considered a mirror of society, reflecting its values and beliefs. A garment can have a powerful impact on the social climate, changing ideas about gender and sexuality. Throughout history, clothing has been used as an instrument of protest and activism. Fashion can inspire solidarity and support for important issues, and encourage individuals to be agents of change in their communities. In modern times, fashion has become a global industry. The business of fashion involves designing, manufacturing and selling clothes and accessories. It employs millions of people all over the world, and it has a significant economic impact. It is also a major source of inspiration and creativity. Before the Industrial Revolution, fashion was a time-consuming, labor intensive endeavor. Clothes were hand made and woven from natural materials like wool and leather. In the 1800s, new technology introduced a new fashion trend – the sewing machine. This invention allowed for the mass production of clothing, which could be sold at lower prices to the middle classes. In the 21st century, fashion is a multi-billion dollar industry and it is changing at an ever-faster pace. Many people who follow fashion do so consciously, seeking to imitate the style of their favorite celebrities. Others do so unconsciously, responding to the advertising and promotion of certain styles. Fashion is a complex issue and it affects the lives of all types of people in different ways. Some people believe that the rapid rate of change in fashion is harmful and encourages waste, while others enjoy the diversity that the ever-changing trends provide. One of the most influential figures in fashion in the 20th century was British designer Vivienne Westwood. Her brand of punk-inspired clothing was a reaction to the bland, conformist styles that were popular at the time. Her use of ripped T-shirts and plaid was a statement against the status quo. Vivienne Westwood’s rebellious style has inspired other artists and designers to break with tradition and challenge the conventions of mainstream fashion. She is considered a fashion icon and a pioneer of the counterculture movement. She continues to design for her own label and is a well-known face on the fashion runway. In addition to being a designer, she has been a model, actress and activist. She has been involved in campaigns to promote human rights, equality and anti-war activities. She is an inspiration to many young women worldwide.

Perfume is a mixture of a solvent, alcohol and essential oils that are blended with one another to create a specific scent. Most perfumes are formulated with a top, middle and base note. Each note has a different effect on the senses, and the combination of all the notes make up the final perfume. People usually choose perfumes based on the ingredients and scent notes, designer brand and price. Other factors that influence the selection of a perfume include the occasion, mood and body chemistry. Scents are a powerful and often invisible part of our personal identities. They can remind us of past events, trigger memories and evoke emotions. They can also change the way others perceive us. For this reason, choosing the right perfume is important. The right perfume can enhance a person’s appearance and may even affect how others treat them. The perfume industry has developed a system to classify fragrances according to their concentration of perfume oil. This allows the consumer to compare similar products and decide which ones will best suit his or her needs. Various safety laws in place regulate the use of perfumes and some have banned certain ingredients. However, this does not apply to all perfumes. The majority of the perfumes on the market are alcohol-based and contain a number of chemicals, some of which can cause skin irritation. Historically, perfumes were intended to emulate nature’s pleasant aromas. Natural oils were extracted, pressed, steamed and burned to scent the air. The word “perfume” derives from the Latin words per meaning through and fumun, which means smoke. Modern perfumes are more sophisticated, but the basic idea remains the same. The scent of a flower is captured and reproduced by combining several chemicals. These chemicals are often harsh and can irritate the skin. They are also expensive and difficult to maintain for a long period of time. Perfume makers must balance the need for a consistent smell with the need to avoid causing reactions in those who wear the perfume. In the Renaissance and through most of the eighteenth century, wearing and scenting oneself were ungendered activities and men and women wore the same types of perfume. In the mid-nineteenth century, with the rise of germ theory and the perception that odors carried disease, perfume wearing took on a new conservative image and scents became characterized as gendered. Sweet floral blends were deemed feminine and woody, pine and cedar scents were categorized as masculine. Despite this shift in attitude, the perfume business has continued to thrive. Perfumes are now designed to be more discreet and subtle. Nevertheless, some perfumes still carry connotations of unprofessional behavior and sexual innuendo. In fact, some perfumes are deliberately designed to elicit these reactions from those who wear them. The context in which a perfume is used is a major determinant of its connotations and denotations (Herz and von Clef 2001).

Victoria’s Secret is an American specialty lingerie, clothing and beauty retailer, famous for racy marketing including a catalogue featuring supermodels dubbed “Angels” and an annual fashion show. Its stores, meanwhile, feature displays evoking Victorian boudoirs. But the company has stumbled in recent years, with same-store sales declining and newer, more overtly inclusive lingerie companies like ThirdLove and Rihanna’s Savage X Fenty stealing market share. In the fall of 2018, the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show aired its last episode, drawing an estimated 1 billion viewers worldwide, but the show’s success had blinded the brand to changing cultural attitudes and upstart competitors that were building inclusivity into their business models from the ground up. The show’s reliance on an impossibly narrow conception of beauty—all razzle-dazzle push-up bras, highly exercised abs and angel wings—was starting to look outmoded, and the company started losing customers to more inclusive alternatives like Lane Bryant and Aerie. But the real turning point came in 2020, when Les Wexner stepped down as chairman and CEO of parent company L Brands and sold his majority stake in the lingerie company. In the wake of sexual misconduct allegations against Wexner’s longtime friend and financial adviser, Ed Razek, the company underwent a full rebrand, dropping the iconic Fashion Show and replacing the Angels with the more inclusive VS Collective, led by models like Megan Rapinoe and Priyanka Chopra Jonas. Tyrnauer’s series also shines a spotlight on Victoria’s Secret’s internal culture, which is still dominated by men. One former executive, Sharleen Ernest, alleges that the company’s leadership was known to shut down any attempts to move away from the bombshell, unattainable image of the Angels and into more nuanced categories of sexiness. She says the leadership team, particularly the chairman and chief executive officer, “had an impenetrable wall of male power” that prevented any changes from being made. Since its reboot, Victoria’s Secret has taken steps to broaden its appeal, expanding its size range to include plus sizes and offering more bra styles for a broader array of breast shapes; introducing maternity bras and mastectomy bras, for example. But it’s not clear whether these efforts will be enough to revive the company, especially in the face of growing competition from more overtly inclusive rivals that are better at communicating their message and making women feel good about themselves.

As one of the simplest daily self-care rituals, choosing the right perfume for women can have a major impact on your mood and how people perceive you. That’s why it’s worth putting thought into your signature scent, which should be an expression of who you are in ways that’re unique and memorable to others. The best perfumes for women don’t only smell great but also speak to a specific moment or memory in your life. Whether that’s a callback to classic literature, the preservation of artisanal techniques, or a poetic ode to natural phenomena, they offer something elevated that’ll set you apart from everyone else in the room. While you’re shopping for a new fragrance, you should keep in mind the four main fragrance families: floral, fresh, woody, and oriental. These groups can be useful when pairing perfumes together, or deciding which fragrance concentration (eau de parfum, eau de toilette) is right for you. Floral perfumes are the most popular type of women’s fragrance. These scents range from single flower notes to fragrant bouquets, and often pair well with woody, musk, or oriental aromas. Whether you’re looking to channel a summer getaway or evoke a feeling of confidence and self-assurance, there’s a perfume for every occasion. Ahead, we’ve rounded up some of the most iconic and versatile women perfumes for you to consider as your next signature scent. With kittenish top notes of peony succumbing to a flutter of rose and bright magnolia, Chloe perfumes a sense of femininity that’s delicate yet alluring. It’s the perfect perfume for your daily rotation and will easily take you from ladies’ lunches to an afternoon at the galleries. A perfume for the woman who knows exactly what she wants and how to get it. With its youthful blend of zingy grapefruit, violet petals, and jasmine, Daisy is the fragrance for the woman who has her swag on. Release your inner boho-chic with this free-spirited perfume from Dolce & Gabbana. With notes of mandora—a Mediterranean fruit—and bergamot, this perfume is as energizing as your day-dreaming beach vacation and will keep you going all day long. A throwback to the early ’80s, this perfume is perfect for the confident and classic woman who knows how to dress with style. Featuring notes of jasmine and Rangoon creeper—a fun south Indian plant—this full-on floral fragrance isn’t a grandma’s perfume. Instead, it’s the feminine and flirty scent that reminds you of the lingering smell of sun-kissed skin as the sun fades into the sea.

When it comes to beauty products, perfume is one of the most beloved scents, and a well-stocked collection is a must for any discerning lady. But with so many fragrances out there, it can be hard to know which one will work for you. Fortunately, there are a few scent families and descriptors (like floral, fruity, citrus or oriental) that can help narrow down your options. Plus, there’s nothing wrong with a classic that never goes out of style, like Chanel No. 5 or Frederic Malle’s Portrait of a Lady. But if you’re looking for something a little bit more contemporary, we’ve got a few must-try women perfume that will elevate your signature smell. There’s nothing quite like a fresh floral to infuse your personality with a touch of whimsy. This perfume for women from luxury fragrance brand Jo Malone is a great option if you typically find florals too heavy or cloying, with notes of green basil and neroli that balance the softness of jasmine. The result is a clean, uncluttered scent that will look as stylish on your vanity as it will on your skin. Rose fragrances for women are a classic choice because of their soothing properties and evocative scents. This scent from Mercedes-Benz is an ode to youthful spontaneity, with fruity zests of blackcurrant leaves and grapefruit alongside a floral bouquet of gardenia, pear, and orange flower, balanced by white musks and sensual amber and sandalwood. A sweet, flirty fragrance that evokes the innocent memories of your first love, Kilian’s Love, Don’t Be Shy is a perfume for women who want to embody a sense of innocence and childhood innocence. Its opening blend of ruby red grapefruit, bergamot, spring mimosa, and Hawaiian wedding flower is reminiscent of your first kiss. This fragrance is also a good pick for younger ladies who are just starting out on their perfume journey because it’s free of parabens and phthalates, making it more gentle on sensitive skin. Designed to evoke the scent of a beautiful library, this perfume for women by Tom Ford is a sexy and sophisticated scent that’ll transport you back to your favorite reading spot. The blend of rich black cherry, bitter bergamot, and fragrant Turkish rose and Arabian jasmine creates an enchanting and seductive blend that’s sure to inspire romance. Plus, the gleaming glass bottle is a gorgeous addition to any vanity. Another rose fragrance with an added dose of sexiness is Daisy by Marc Jacobs, which is described as “a daisy is a friendly flower, not precious or exotic, but it embodies a spirit in a lot of women.” This perfume for women features sprightly hints of peony and lychee to complement the heady scents of magnolia and lily of the valley. It also has a delicate base of sandalwood and elegant cedarwood that will add a hint of warmth to your signature fragrance. Whether you’re searching for a feminine rose scent or a sophisticated fragrance that will exude power and confidence, these perfumes for women are the perfect fit. The best part is, they double as stellar gifts for the women in your life!

Fragrance is a combination of aromatic materials that produce a distinctive scent. It can be natural or synthetic and used in a variety of cosmetic products like perfume, cologne and aftershave. Fragrance ingredients can also be found in cleaning products, body lotions and hair care items. A growing amount of research suggests that the scent of perfume can benefit a person’s health and mood. Perfume may increase self-esteem and confidence by improving one’s perceived attractiveness. It can also reduce stress and anxiety. Fragrance may be helpful to people with depression and chronic pain by activating opioid pathways in the brain. Fragrances are composed of three main notes: top, middle and base. A perfume’s top note has a light, tangy and refreshing scent. It can be derived from citrus fruits or light herbs. The middle note has a deeper and more sensuous fragrance. The base note has a more musky and woody effect. Perfumers combine the raw materials to find the proper balance and effect that they desire when creating a fragrance. [2] The International Fragrance Association and the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials are two organizations that support manufacturers and researchers on fragrance and perfume safety. They have established standards that are the basis for the fragrance industry’s system for achieving safe use and enjoyment. Manufacturers are legally responsible for ensuring that their products do not contain any ingredients that could cause harm to the consumer. The FDA requires that all cosmetic products be tested for safety, however fragrances are not required to undergo premarket testing before being sold to the public. Generally, a perfume is made from a natural product such as a flower (jasmine or rose) or a plant (lemon or lavender). The essential oil can be extracted by steam distillation or enfleurage. The oil is then diluted with a solvent such as ethanol or another neutral-smelling substance to form a perfume spray. Alternatively, the oil can be dissolved in other liquids such as jojoba or almond oils to make a solid perfume or a perfume containing a lower concentration of aromatic chemicals. [3] The odors of the components that make up a perfume are combined by a perfumer to create a balanced, unified and harmonious olfactory impression. The perfumer may also add other compounds to a basic composition to create different effects and emotions. [4] A perfume can be marketed for men or women and can be labeled as ‘pouf’ or ‘perfume’. Some perfumes are referred to as being unisex and may be labeled as ‘pour homme’ or ‘pouf femme’. Perfumes are often marketed by color as well as by scent. The color of a perfume can convey an impression of its mood or ambiance and is influenced by the chemical composition. For example, a green perfume might be a fresh or uplifting scent while a dark amber scent may represent elegance and sophistication. Perfumes are typically scented with natural oils but are also available with synthetic aroma chemicals.

Fashion is a broad term that can mean different things to different people. It can be the latest trends, a certain style of dress, or even a specific way of speaking. It can also be a fad or craze that sweeps through a society, like the popularity of a certain music genre or a particular hairstyle. Fashion can also be a particular way of expressing one’s individuality and creativity through clothing. In the past, fashions have varied by social class, age, generation, occupation and geographical location. For example, some cultures have used fashion as a form of self-expression, while others have used it to demonstrate wealth and status. Today, fashion is a global phenomenon. It is influenced by many factors, including the economy, social and political changes, and new technologies. The evolution of fashion has been accelerated by the rise of mass media, which spreads awareness of new styles quickly and widely. For example, magazines, television shows, websites, and social media platforms (such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter) all play an important role in influencing fashion trends. In addition, fashion shows and celebrity endorsements can also be significant influences on the public’s perception of current trends. Although fashion is often associated with changing trends, it can also refer to a uniform style or the same styles that have been followed for a long time. Therefore, the word ‘fashion’ can sometimes imply a general uniformity or sameness, as in the case of the phrase “fashionably late”. Some people follow fashions uncritically and without consideration for the impact of their actions on others, for example, if an older person dresses according to the fashion of younger persons they may look silly. Other people deliberately try to stand out from the crowd, for example by wearing clothes that are loud and garish. People also use fashion to express their emotions or sentiments, for example, by wearing mourning jewellery following the death of a loved one. Others use it to show their support for a cause, such as by wearing a T-shirt bearing the logo of a sports team. Developing a sense of style is a process that requires practice and experimentation. The best place to start is by observing other people. Use your everyday environment as your lab: sit in a cafe and watch the world go by, or visit a shopping centre and see how people are dressing. Be sure to include shoes, bags and hats in your observations as they are the finishing touches that can make or break an outfit. Adding these elements is the best way to give your personal style that unique touch. Once you have a basic understanding of what is in style now, it’s time to experiment! Start by trying out some styles, colours and silhouettes that are outside of your comfort zone. Take a notepad with you and either mentally or physically make notes about what you like and don’t like. Keep this up and you’ll soon begin to see a pattern.

Many people wear perfume to enhance their natural scent. They may also use it to create a specific smell that they associate with an event or memory. Perfume is often made with a combination of different essential oils or extracts, along with solvents and other chemicals. These ingredients are diluted in alcohol or other solvents such as denatured alcohol, which helps the scent last longer. Perfume can be categorized as floral, oriental, woody, fruity or fresh. A perfume that is predominantly floral would contain a mix of flowers, herbs and spices such as rose, jasmine or lavender. A fragrance that is predominantly oriental would contain more exotic scents from spices and herbs such as frankincense, myrrh or patchouli. The fresh category of perfume is the youngest and has a clean, aquatic or ocean-like smell that is usually created with synthetic substances such as calone, which was discovered in 1966. People have used fragrances for thousands of years to mask body odor and to enhance their mood. During this time, various civilizations experimented with the extraction of aromatic oils. One of the earliest methods used was enfleurage, which involves placing a flower or other natural substance in an oil base to extract the scent. The technique was popular in the 17th century, when France and Italy became major centers of the perfume industry. The 9th-century Persian chemist Ibn Sina invented the distillation process, which allowed for a greater variety of essential oils to be extracted from natural sources such as flowers and spices. Other natural materials such as animal secretions, mosses, tree resins and coal tars are also used in perfumes to add texture or to support the scent. These natural products act as fixatives, which prevent the more volatile perfume ingredients from evaporating too quickly. Some of the most common animal secretions that are used as fixatives include ambergris from sperm whales, castor oil (also known as castoreum) from beavers, musk from musk deer and civet from a civet cat. The final product is a complex blend of ingredients that includes several hundred chemicals. The most important elements are the top notes, which are the light, volatile odors that are noticed immediately after application; the middle or heart notes, which provide full character and body; and the base note, which is the long-lasting aroma that is reminiscent of the person who wears the perfume. To achieve a balanced, harmonious scent accord, the ingredients are mixed carefully with the knowledge of how each odor will be affected by the evaporation process. Perfumes are often described in a musical metaphor, with the initial impression provided by the top notes leading into the middle and then the base. In addition to the perfume ingredients themselves, blending agents are used to smooth out transitions between the different “layers” of the scent. These blending agents can be as simple as an oil or alcohol, and they can also be a primary scent ingredient such as linalool or hydroxycitronellal.