Month: May 2024

Victoria’s Secret was born in 1977 as a store that sold women’s lingerie and promoted the idea that men could imagine prim Victorian ladies getting naughty in the boudoir. But when the company was bought by retail billionaire Leslie Wexner, the brand became a cultural force that shaped how society views female sexuality and beauty ideals. The annual fashion show and its “Angels”-supermodels like Heidi Klum and Tyra Banks adorned in G-strings, angel wings and feathered headpieces-brought viewers by the millions. For the next three decades, the lingerie giant used its brand to push an image that was overtly raunchy and erotically charged. Women who bought into the brand’s impossibly narrow conception of beauty-all razzle-dazzle push-up bras, super-exercised abs and culture-appropriative angel wings-were told that sexiness was about gratifying men’s fantasies. The model sexy brand’s message was a blunt one, and it had real-life consequences for the women who were hired to appear in its catalogs and on its runways. After the #MeToo movement swept through Hollywood in 2020, Victoria’s Secret began to realize that its hyper-sexualized advertising and punishing size standards weren’t making a very good impression on consumers. Former models like Bridget Malcolm and Dorothea Barth Jorgensen spoke out against the company’s sizes, and then-CEO Ed Razek sent the internet into a frenzy with comments about transgender and plus-size women that were widely viewed as offensive. In 2022, Victoria’s Secret named a new CEO, Marta Martinez, who had formerly served as chief brand officer at Estée Lauder and had experience leading global marketing teams in consumer products. Martinez was tasked with reversing the company’s course and addressing new competitive challenges. But it was a tough task. The brand’s sales were slipping and competitors like Aerie were gaining market share. To start, the company revamped its ad campaigns and started featuring more women of all shapes and sizes in its ads and on its mannequins at stores. It also added mastectomy and sports bras to its product offerings, and refreshed the look of its stores with brighter lights and blush pink walls. It also brought in a more diverse group of women as ambassadors and advisors, including plus-size model Candice Huffine, director Jade O’Belle and indigenous activist Quannah Chasinghorse. However, these efforts weren’t enough to turn around the company’s fortunes. By 2023, same-store sales were down 3% and the company was losing market share to other lingerie brands. The company also found itself in hot water over the summer of 2019 when a Hulu documentary series called “Angels and Demons” revealed Wexner’s ties to the disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein, who was convicted in 2022 of using his position at the company to sex traffic underage girls. These factors prompted Wexner to step down as CEO in November of that year. In the months after, Victoria’s Secret began to shift its merchandising strategy and drop some of its most controversial products, including its infamous panties. But many observers doubt that the brand’s current leadership can pull off a radical overhaul of its image in time to avoid long-term damage to its business.

Perfumes are one of the most common forms of personal hygiene. The scent of your perfume is often the first impression other people have of you and can help influence their opinion of your personality. Despite being an extremely personal choice, fragrances are also very accessible and affordable. Whether you prefer a light and airy floral scent or a deeper and musky aroma, Perry Ellis offers a wide range of women’s perfume to suit your preferences and accentuate your unique personality. Fragrance is a complex thing, and the way that a particular scent lingers on your skin can depend heavily on body chemistry, time of day and even your mood at any given moment. When shopping for perfume, keep in mind that a perfume’s scent can change on you depending on the season and how much of the fragrance you sprayed on. It’s best to test out a few perfumes on your skin before you settle on a signature scent. Women’s perfume typically contains scents that are reminiscent of a flower, fruit or even a sweet dessert. This is because women’s perfume tends to focus on feminine notes such as jasmine, rose or vanilla that create a delicate and feminine aura. However, with modern trends moving towards more unisex or androgynous fragrances, those lines are becoming blurred. Men’s and women’s perfumes now often contain similar scents such as musk or woody. Generally speaking, perfumes for women are formulated with floral or fruity notes and softer aromas while men’s scents contain a stronger, woodier, earthy fragrance. However, more and more women are choosing to wear perfumes designed for men while more and more men are wearing fragrances formulated for women. The 1960s and 1970s saw a rise in the quest for women’s liberation, which had a significant impact on the aromatic composition of fragrances. Natural scents like grass or hay began to emerge as popular choices because of their connection with environmental concerns, but they also represented a move away from the overly sexy and overly fragrant perfumes that had been so prevalent in previous decades. Aside from the way that a perfume smells, culture also plays a role in how we perceive certain scents. For example, musk fragrances have long been considered masculine because of the association with a sense of strength and power. On the other hand, many cultures consider vanilla-scented perfume to be feminine because of its connection with baked goods. No matter what your taste in perfume is, you’ll find the perfect scent for you at The Essence Vault. Browse our selection of exclusive and luxury perfumes for women to discover your new signature scent. We offer a variety of bottle sizes and perfume concentrations, so you can pick the perfume that suits your individual style. So, whether you are searching for a fresh, feminine, or romantic fragrance, The Essence Vault has all the best perfume for women that will have your friends and family wondering what’s your secret!

Fragrance is a combination of chemicals used to produce a pleasant smell or odour. It can be derived from natural aromatic compounds found in plants and spices or synthetically manufactured. It is found in perfume, cologne and aftershave. The word fragrance is also commonly used to describe the smell of a person or thing and to mean a pleasant scent, such as “That rose is so fragrant” or “The smell of a new car is very appealing.” Fragrances come from a wide variety of sources including natural products like oils, extracts and essentials, resins and animal secretions, but they are most often synthetically manufactured in laboratory settings. They can contain a large number of individual chemicals or a mixture of tens to hundreds. These are referred to as fragrance materials and may include many skin allergens, such as linalool, hexyl cinnamal and geraniol [2]. Perfumes can be divided into 5 main categories loosely based on their concentration of the fragrant material: parfum (eau de toilette), eau de cologne, eau de musc, eau de sillage and eau de toilette. Generally, the more expensive the perfume, the higher the concentration of fragrance. There are many ways to extract and formulate fragrances, but distillation is the most common process. It involves heating the plant material to high temperatures and condensing the volatile components out of the mixture into a liquid. There are also maceration and expression processes. The former involves soaking the plant material in carrier oils serving as solvents to capture heavier, larger plant molecules. The latter is a mechanical process where the material is crushed or squeezed to extract the oils. [3] Thousands of chemicals are used to make a single fragrance, and a typical bottle of perfume contains a blend of several hundred fragrance ingredients. The chemicals can cause a variety of health problems, such as dermatitis and asthma, when applied directly to the skin. They are also harmful to the environment because they are volatile and can evaporate into the air, forming chemical vapors that contribute to ozone pollution and fine particulates that cause respiratory illness. In addition, the fragrance chemicals in perfumes are known to be hormone-disrupting and can cause allergic reactions in some people, including asthma and irritant contact dermatitis. Even when the fragrance is applied sparingly, it can be toxic, and there is evidence that certain fragrance chemicals are associated with a heightened risk of cancer. The FDA regulates personal care and cleaning products, but fragrance mixtures are exempt from their requirements, which could lead to an increase in the use of these dangerous chemicals in our everyday products. This is why we should consider avoiding perfume and other synthetic fragrances, and choosing those that are made with natural oils and plants.

Fashion is the prevailing mode or taste in dress, manners, ornamentation and other cultural expressions. Changing styles in these areas are often seen as an indicator of social class, a way to display one’s solidarity with other groups or a way to show off one’s uniqueness and creativity. Modern Westerners have a very wide array of clothing choices available to them, which allows them to choose from a large number of different styles and trends. Fashions in other cultures may be more restricted, but nevertheless can still change quickly. The word “fashion” has also been used to describe the general trend in music, art and other cultural expressions. A person’s sense of style can be a reflection of their personality and mood. Historically, the most important function of fashion has been to serve as an ornamental and symbolic statement. Clothing has also been used to show social status and affiliation, with wealthy people wearing more elaborate clothes than the common working class. Fashion is influenced by a variety of factors, including societal changes, culture and economics. It is also a form of artistic expression, with designers creating new looks or modifying existing ones to reflect their personal or professional preferences. In its most basic form, fashion is simply the process of putting together a combination of clothing items that look good and flatter one’s figure. This can be as simple as combining a pair of jeans with a shirt or t-shirt. Putting together an outfit in this way can help a person feel more confident and have a positive effect on the wearer’s mood. More advanced and creative fashions can be seen in the work of fashion designers, whose job is to create garments that combine practicality with beauty. The designs created by these artists are often quite original and can influence the clothing choices of many consumers. Designers often create their own lines of clothes, incorporating the latest trends and innovations into their designs. While fashion can be a lot of fun, it is essential to remember that trends change very quickly. Trying to keep up with every fashion is almost impossible. It’s a good idea to pick out a few trends that fit your personality, and try them out. You never know, you might find that a particular style suits you after all. Fashion is not just about what you wear, but how you put it all together. A person who knows how to mix and match their clothing will always be in style, no matter what the latest fashions are. Knowing what colors complement each other will make a big difference, and keeping a few staple pieces in your wardrobe can allow you to build an entire outfit from items that you probably already have. It’s also a good idea to learn how to modify old clothes so that they better suit your own style. Ripping off the sleeves of a long-sleeved top and cutting them into shorts is a great way to get a brand-new outfit without spending much money at all.

A perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents in liquid form that is used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living spaces an agreeable scent. The earliest recorded uses of fragrant oils date back to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Today, perfume is a beloved product that makes an excellent gift for any occasion. It is an exquisite blend of science, art, and personal expression. Understanding its history, creation process, different concentrations, and categories can deepen your appreciation for this alluring fragrance. Fragrance makers use natural aromatic raw materials derived from plants, flowers, grasses, herbs, spices, fruit, woods, resins, roots, and flowers. These are extracted from plant parts using extraction, distillation and expression techniques. Natural oils and extracts are then blended with synthetic chemicals to create a wide variety of perfumes. The most common method is steam distillation which uses boiling water to separate the oil from the plant material. Thousands of kilos of flowers, or other plant material, may be needed to produce just one kilo of oil, which explains why perfumes are so expensive. The oil is then diluted with alcohol, which acts as a fixative and helps the fragrance last longer on the skin. The result is a fragrance that is an exquisite mixture of top, middle, and base notes. Top notes (also known as head or heart notes) are small molecules that emit a burst of fragrance immediately after application. These are often citrusy, fruity or floral. Middle notes are a more complex combination of a series of aromatic notes that combine to produce a smooth, long-lasting fragrance. They are a combination of herb, floral and spice oils. Base notes, which are the longest-lasting and most intense scents, are typically composed of woods, amber and musk. Research has shown that perfume can affect people’s mood and self-image. For example, some women reported that they chose a perfume depending upon their mood (emotional or calm), the occasion for which they were wearing it, or even what type of job interview they were going to have. The aroma of a perfume is an intimate experience that can be as captivating as a beautiful piece of jewelry or the smell of someone’s hair. A perfume can be as romantic as a kiss or as sensual as an elegant dinner. It is an art that has been in existence for thousands of years, and its appeal is timeless. Whether it is a classic, exotic or modern scent, we all have our own special fragrance.

The new three-part documentary series “Victoria Secret: Angels and Demons” on Hulu opens with backstage scenes at the lingerie company’s annual fashion show. There are a few minutes left before the model-led runway show is scheduled to start, and the models — known as Angels, or the brand’s ambassadors — are giddy, gushing to one another as scads of photographers snap their photos. The series traces the evolution of Victoria’s Secret, which was founded in 1977 by Roy Raymond and his wife Gaye. By the 1980s, Victoria’s Secret was a major player in the lingerie industry, with five stores and a 40-page catalog, as well as a booming business that would grow to include an international network of shops and an annual $70 million TV special featuring a sexy parade of pin-up-esque bombshells clad in the brand’s trademark lace, satin and mesh. But by the end of the decade, the model landscape had changed. The rise of the #MeToo movement and calls for more representational inclusivity — in terms of body size, race and ethnicity and gender – made it difficult for Victoria’s Secret to maintain its dominance. Overtly inclusive lingerie companies like ThirdLove and Rihanna’s Savage X Fenty began eroding the company’s market share. And by the 2016 show, sales were down. Despite these challenges, Victoria’s Secret has been resilient. The company has shifted its strategy to focus on the core lingerie business, while also adding more casual apparel. And it has reimagined its marketing to highlight women of all shapes and sizes, with the hope that they will see themselves as part of the Victoria’s Secret family. Last year, the company added Hungary’s Barbara Palvin to its roster of VS Angels. In an Instagram post, users celebrated the fact that Palvin was curvier than some of the other Angels, and that she looked “healthy.” It was just one of several positive moves by Victoria’s Secret, which had also hired its first openly transgender model. This week, the company announced that it had reimagined its board of directors so that all but one of the seats will be filled by women. And in an ad campaign, it partnered with actress Priyanka Chopra and soccer star Megan Rapinoe to add diversity to the roster of Victoria’s Secret “Angels.” But even as the company continues to make changes, its troubled history is still fresh in consumers’ minds. A Matt Tyrnauer documentary on the company’s founder, Les Wexner, and his ties to sex offender Jeffrey Epstein that is due to be released in early 2024 will only serve to keep the brand in the news. Still, the company is hoping that it can reclaim its old glory with its new messaging. “Victoria Secret’s goal is to have every woman feel like she has the power to love herself exactly as she is,” says the company in a statement. It’s a message that it’ll have to prove true if it wants to keep its pink empire alive.

Women perfume is a key component to a woman’s wardrobe. It is a way for them to express their dignity and character to the outer world. However, choosing a perfume can be quite a difficult task for many women. This article provides a few tips that will help women choose the right perfume for them. Fragrance is a delicate accessory, and finding the perfect scent can be as challenging for women as picking out an outfit or brushing their teeth. Choosing a fragrance is a very personal choice, and while there are certain scents that are considered masculine or feminine, most people find a fragrance that they like and that complements their personality. The world of fragrance is a fascinating one, and it is the perfect medium for individual expression. While men’s and women’s perfumes have long been distinguished by their scent, the lines between gender-specific fragrances are beginning to blur with more and more people embracing the notion of unisex perfume. Whether it is because of the societal influences or a desire to embrace individuality, it seems that most people are drawn to fragrances that reflect their own style and personality. Throughout history, perfume has been used as a way to communicate status and social status, but it also serves an important role in enhancing one’s sense of identity and self-esteem. Aside from a woman’s clothing and makeup, fragrance is arguably the most personal and evocative form of self-expression. While the use of perfume is often a subconscious decision, the right scent can elevate one’s image and leave a lasting impression on others. The olfactory landscape has changed over time, with many women perfumes emerging in the 1960s and 1970s that challenged the norms of traditional femininity. This was the era of the feminist movement, which coincided with the shift towards more natural and earthy scents. Among these, a number of feminine fragrances became iconic, including Tom Ford’s cult-favourite Black Orchid and YSL’s Angels’ Share, which are still very popular today. In addition to smelling beautiful, there are many benefits to using perfume. Perfumes can increase a woman’s confidence and libido, and it has even been found that certain scents can have positive effects on the brain and body. As such, it is no wonder that women are incredibly protective of their perfume collection and take great care in selecting the best one for them. When choosing a perfume, a woman should consider what kind of mood she wants to wear that day and the effect it will have on others. For example, if she is looking to feel confident and sexy, she should try a floral scent that includes jasmine or rose. On the other hand, if she is looking for a more relaxed and calming fragrance, she should opt for something light and powdery with notes of vanilla or musk. However, despite all the research and analysis that has been done, it is essential to note that scents react differently on different skin types. Therefore, the best way to determine what type of scent will work for you is by trial and error.

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Fashion is a style or way of dressing that changes over time. It can also refer to the trends in hair, makeup and other accessories. People use fashion to express their personal style and creativity. Fashion can be influenced by music, movies, art, books and even social events. It can be hard to keep up with the latest trends, but it is fun to try new things. The word fashion comes from the French word meaning “to suit” or “to fit.” Fashions can vary by age, social class, generation and occupation. They can also vary across geographical locations. The terms fad and fashionista are used to describe people who follow the latest fashions closely. People can create their own fashions by wearing what flatters them and using colors that complement their skin tone. They can also choose to have their clothes tailored, which will give them a more polished and elegant look. Choosing to wear neutral colors and avoiding flashy logos will also help to create a more elegant style. In order for something to be considered a fashion, it must have broad appeal and widespread acceptance. Trends in clothing often start in the upper classes of society, such as royalty or wealthy business people. Then, they can spread down through the rest of society. This is called the “trickle down” effect. Another reason for the constant change in fashion is that technology has made it possible to make clothing faster and more cheaply. This has been aided by the invention of new sewing machines and synthetic fibers that allow fabrics to be manufactured more easily and inexpensively. This means that more people can afford to dress in fashionable styles. A person can also create their own fashions by experimenting with different clothing combinations. This is especially useful for those with a limited budget. For example, a thrift store can be a great source of vintage clothing that can be worn to give an outfit a retro feel. It is a good idea to shop with someone who knows your style and can offer feedback about how well certain items work together. It is also helpful to have a color wheel handy, so that you can see what colors work well with each other. It is important to remember that, although a particular style may be in fashion now, it may not be in five or ten years. It is a good idea to purchase clothing that will last. This will help to save money in the long run, because clothes that are not made well tend to wear out quickly. It is also important to remember that a person’s personal style is a reflection of their personality. Therefore, it is a good idea to choose clothes that are meaningful to the individual. Doing so will make them feel more confident, happy and empowered. According to a study by the University of Hertfordshire, this can increase self-esteem and even boost one’s confidence.

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents in liquid form that is used to give the human body, clothing, food, animals, objects and living spaces a pleasant, agreeable smell. Perfume is often scented with natural products like flowers, herbs and fruits but it can also be made using synthetic chemicals that mimic the scent of natural aromas or provide other aroma effects not found in nature. The use of perfumes in daily life has been documented as early as some of the earliest civilizations. It is believed that perfume first came into use as a ceremonial and religious practice, either to please the gods or to enhance personal adornment. In later times, perfume became popular as a way to attract romantic partners and as an expression of style or class. Today, perfumes are worn for a wide variety of reasons ranging from health and social benefits to a desire to enhance one’s own personal fragrance. Modern perfumes are generally composed of three sets of scents that unfold over time: top notes, middle notes and base notes. The initial impression of the perfume is created by the top notes which are small molecules that evaporate quickly, followed by the mid notes which add depth and character to the perfume. The base notes provide the long-lasting effect. The perfumer blends these notes carefully with the knowledge of how they will interact and evaporate from the human skin. In order to achieve the desired fragrance, the perfumer selects the right ingredients, mixes them and allows the perfume to “age.” During this time the odours evolve and blend together. After a period of time the perfumer will check to see if the odour is to his satisfaction and if it needs to be adjusted he will make adjustments. He may then add more of a particular ingredient or change its proportions. When the perfume is complete, it is usually stored in airtight bottles. It will usually remain in this stage for a few weeks to months, allowing the different scents to harmonize and develop to their full potential. Perfume bottles are available in a wide range of styles and sizes, from simple glass or plastic to elaborate works of art. Perfume is very sensitive to changes in environment. It does not like to be exposed to cold or hot temperatures and ultraviolet light can alter some raw materials, such as patchouli, turning it yellow and causing it to deteriorate. Certain animal secretions have odouriferous qualities and are used as fixatives to prevent the more volatile perfume ingredients from evaporating too rapidly. These include ambergris from the digestive system of sperm whales, castor oil from the beaver glands and musk from the civet cat or musk deer. The odour characteristics of such animal products are very varied and can impart floral effects to perfumes or provide other odours not available through the use of synthetic, aromatic chemical compounds.

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Victoria Secret is in the midst of an attempt to completely rebrand. The lingerie company is shedding its reputation as a personification of female sexiness and embracing a more inclusive vision of beauty. In doing so, it’s hoping to appeal to a generation of women who were raised with #MeToo activism and calls for greater representational inclusivity in terms of body size, race and ethnicity, and gender. The first store opened in 1977 in San Francisco, but the Victoria’s Secret catalog was what really took off. Roy Raymond, the founder of the chain, aimed to create a fantasy world populated by dreamy, seductive models—what one writer called “the perfect woman.” The company’s internal branding videos portrayed the perfect “Victoria” as a genteel Englishwoman with a saucy continental side. Over the years, the brand became more and more raunchy, showcasing supermodels in push-up bras and miniskirts with glistening wings and heels. In the 2000s, it branched out into the teen market, a strategy that led to racy ad campaigns that critics accused of sexualizing younger girls. In the aughts, VS became the most popular undergarment brand in the world and its annual fashion show was an iconic event. The show’s cast of era-defining bombshells, including Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, and Gisele Bundchen, became household names. In the wake of the #MeToo movement and subsequent calls for more racial and ethnic diversity in advertising, newer lingerie companies with more inclusive practices began chipping away at Victoria’s Secret’s share of the market. Then, in 2016, same-store sales began to decline. The brand has since taken steps to address those concerns, bringing on more diverse models and announcing plans for a revamped fashion show that will include a movie. A more recent ad campaign stars plus-size model Paloma Elsesser and American soccer player Megan Rapinoe. Those campaigns and the company’s hiring of more body-inclusive models like Barbara Palvin have been greeted with applause on social media. But it’s still unclear how the company will successfully transition from its raunchy, hedonistic image to the inclusive utopia that some of its competitors have already achieved. The rebranding effort has also included the launch of a line of sleepwear and loungewear designed for everyday wear, as well as its new VS Collective, a group of women who will both advise and promote the company. The hope is that the refocus on diversity, and the reimagined fashion show—which will feature both a live event and a televised broadcast—will help Victoria’s Secret retain its status as the queen of lingerie. Whether the brand will be able to keep its sales up remains to be seen.

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Choosing the right women perfume is an important decision that requires careful consideration. It is a scent that will accompany you throughout your day and leave an olfactory imprint of your presence. A fragrance that is chosen with care will accentuate your personality and character, evoking positive emotions, leaving behind an olfactory legacy of timeless romance. From enchanting floral bouquets to seductive oriental blends, discover an array of French perfumes for women at Michel Germain that are masterfully crafted to awaken your deepest desires. From feminine and sultry to fresh and fruity, find a signature fragrance that reflects your unique character. Our selection of women perfume includes a variety of iconic fragrances that are highly recognized and beloved worldwide. How to choose the perfect perfume for women Fragrance preferences are highly subjective and what one person may enjoy, another person may not. However, some perfumes have garnered a reputation for their popularity and ability to inspire positive emotions. When it comes to finding the perfect fragrance, it is essential to explore various options and try them out until you find a scent that is uniquely you. The best perfume for women will leave an unforgettable impression and reflect your personality, style, and mood. The choice of perfume is an expression of self-confidence and femininity, so it should complement your wardrobe as well as evoke positive feelings. It is also important to consider your body chemistry when selecting a scent as certain perfumes can be more effective on some people than others. When selecting a new fragrance, it is essential to take into account the occasion you are planning to wear it for. Some perfumes are better suited for casual wear, while other fragrances are more appropriate for special occasions or formal events. Some perfumes are lighter and more floral while others are heavier and more musky. A popular perfume that will always be in style is Lancome La Vie Est Belle, which was launched in 2012 and has remained a top-selling fragrance in our shop ever since. It has a fruity and floral aroma that is perfectly complemented by hints of vanilla, making it suitable for everyday wear. The perfume has been endorsed by actress Julia Roberts, who serves as the face of the brand’s advertising campaigns. Other popular perfumes that will never go out of style include Dior J’adore, Tom Ford Black Orchid, and Jo Malone Pomegranate Noir. The rich and luxurious fragrances are a great choice for evening occasions or when you want to feel extra confident. If you are looking for an elegant and enticing signature perfume, the NEESH Mehr Extrait De Parfum is the ideal option. This sophisticated perfume is a symphony of enchanting notes that will instantly capture the attention of those around you. The rich fragrance combines floral and oriental aromas that will make you feel elegant and refined, even after hours of wear. The perfume is a subtle yet powerful scent that will add a touch of class to any outfit.

Fragrance, also known as perfume or cologne, is a combination of aromatic compounds that is applied to the skin to produce a pleasant smell. Perfume may be derived from natural essential oils, or from synthetic aroma chemicals such as vanillin or coumarin. Ancient texts and archaeological excavations suggest that perfumery was practiced by some of the world’s earliest civilizations. The International Fragrance Association lists over 3,500 different fragrance chemicals used in perfumes and colognes. Manufacturers of perfume and cologne mix fragrant raw materials together to create custom fragrance compositions. Companies that sell scented products, such as perfumes and colognes, purchase these mixtures from fragrance houses (companies that specialize in the development of fragrance chemicals). Perfume ingredients are classified into five groups loosely based on their concentration of aroma chemicals. The highest concentration of perfume chemicals is found in parfum, or extrait, which has about 20-30% perfume concentrate. The lowest concentration is in toilet water or cologne, which usually contains about 2-6% perfume concentrate. Perfume and colognes are mainly alcoholic solutions of perfume compounds, but can also contain other substances such as fixatives to prevent the more volatile components of the fragrance from evaporating too quickly. The top notes are the first scents to assert themselves when a perfume is sprayed or dabbed on. The most common top notes include citrus, clementine and grapefruit, along with florals such as rose and jasmine. Middle notes are the next scents to appear in a perfume, after the initial dissipation of the top notes. Florals, spices and botanicals are the most common middle notes. Base notes are the heaviest and longest-lasting notes in a perfume, providing depth and stability to the other scents. Base notes are often reminiscent of woods, mosses and amber, but they can also be quite complex and exotic. A flanker is a new release of an existing perfume with one or two key alterations to the formula. Fragrance flankers are more common in mainstream perfumery than with niche brands, but they are becoming increasingly popular in many countries. Examples of flankers include the Chanel Coco Mademoiselle and Thierry Mugler A*Men Pure Malt fragrances. Certain animal secretions contain odoriferous compounds that act as fixatives, increasing the longevity of a perfume’s scent. These are generally employed in alcoholic solutions, and include ambergris from sperm whales, castoreum from beavers and civet from the musk deer. The trail of a perfume on the wearer’s skin is called its sillage. This trail is determined by the concentration and blend of the fragrance’s middle and base notes. A higher percentage of middle and base notes results in more sillage, while a lower percentage produces less. Fragrance sillage can also be impacted by the wearer’s mood, which is why some perfumes change over time as the wearer becomes more or less accustomed to a particular fragrance. The sillage created by a perfume is also dependent on the humidity of the environment in which it is worn.

Fashion is an important part of human culture. It can be aspirational or realistic, and it is often used to express a person’s mood or interests. It can also be a way to show off wealth or status. It can be influenced by the media, celebrities, and other social groups. It can also be an indicator of a country’s culture or era, such as the free love movement of the 70’s expressed by flowing clothes and the grunge style of the 90’s. Clothing is worn to cover the body and gratify vanity, but it has also been used as a form of decoration for hundreds of years. The most famous example is the robes of nuns and monks, which are designed to be beautiful. In recent times, fashion has become a major industry with designers and consumers creating their own trends. Fashion is often linked to art, with painters and sculptors trying to capture the shapes and colors of garments. Many people believe that fashion has the power to absorb and channel social change and transform it into something more glamorous or desirable. This process is similar to the trickle-down theory in economics, where those who are successful or rich have an effect on everyone else. In fashion, the effects are seen more clearly in that certain styles will be popular among a group of people before they spread to the rest of society. Fashion can also encourage consumerism and materialism, especially when the trends are promoted by business people who seek to make money off of them. Consumers are pushed to constantly buy new items that may or may not be in their personal style, and this can lead to over-consumption of materials and energy. The relationship between fashion and art extends back long before the Renaissance. Artists tried to recreate the shape and texture of fashions in paintings, and this helped them understand how a garment was put together. Today, many fashion designers consider themselves to be artists who create works of art by designing and constructing garments. Some of these creations are so complex and unique that they can be described as sculptures. It is also a way for people to connect with their cultural heritage. The blending of cultures can result in the rise of fashion that is inspired by indigenous or ethnic designs. This can be a positive thing, but it can also be harmful when it promotes stereotypes or ignorance of other cultures. Another aspect of fashion is how it influences our perceptions of gender and identity. Designers and models have been challenging traditional gender norms by blurring the lines between masculine and feminine fashion. This has paved the way for more inclusive representations of women in the media and society. It can also have an environmental impact, with global fashion contributing to 10 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions and using up 93 billion metric tons of water every year. This is more than the amount consumed by the aviation and shipping industries combined.

A spritz of perfume can make the world a sweeter place. It’s one of the beauty industry’s simplest but most enjoyable daily pleasures, and the right scent can be one of life’s biggest (and longest-lasting) confidence boosters. That’s why choosing the best women’s perfume is a decision well worth making. But how do you find the perfect signature scent for yourself, or to gift to a special lady in your life? It’s all about knowing your stuff. That’s why we turned to expert Tynan Sinks to break down the difference between fragrance and perfume, and to give us his top picks for the ultimate bottles of enchantment. Perfume is a combination of aromatic essences or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents in liquid form, that are used to give people, animals, food, clothing, objects and living spaces an agreeable smell. It is typically considered a luxury item due to its high concentration, and often has a higher price tag than other types of body sprays, deodorants or lotions. Fragrance is derived from various sources, including flowers, plants, fruit and spices, animal oils or glands and synthetic chemicals. It is a complex blend of ingredients, and can be made to smell different depending on the individual’s personal preferences and what they are trying to achieve. Aside from smelling fabulous, perfume can also boost self-esteem and provide a sense of identity and belonging, as well as improve mood, increase perceived attractiveness, and lower anxiety levels. Scent has also been linked to triggering memories in other people and even improving pain tolerance [1]. While the concept of perfume is ancient, research suggests that its use as a status symbol dates back to at least the 2nd millennium B.C. Based on archeological discoveries and written accounts, perfume is believed to have been first formulated in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia with simple concoctions of flower oils and oil extracts. During the Renaissance and into the nineteenth century, perfume was ungendered, with both men and women wearing a variety of olfactory blends. But as germ theory and deodorizing began to take hold, wearing perfume became more of a hygienic pursuit, and the perception of perfume evolved into gender stereotypes, with sweet floral blends being deemed feminine and sharper, woody or pine notes viewed as masculine. The olfactory nose is the first part of the human brain to develop, which makes it an important tool for communication and emotion. The human olfactory system is very sensitive, allowing us to perceive thousands of different smells in a single breath. Scents can evoke emotions, influence behaviour and even increase the production of endorphins, which are natural chemicals that make us feel good and improve our quality of life [2]. A perfume contains a mix of volatile and non-volatile molecules, and is usually categorized into olfactive families based on their predominant scents. These include floral, oriental, woody and fresh. The head note is the first scent to be perceived, and consists of small, light molecules that evaporate quickly and can be citrusy or aromatic. The heart notes are more sensual, and often contain a mixture of flowers and herbs. The base note, or the trailing scent, lasts for much longer and can be derived from wood, amber, musk or oak moss.

The company that made its name selling sexy, pink undergarments is rebranding to make a comeback. In a presentation to investors, new CEO Martin Waters said the company will refocus its marketing strategy to let customers define what’s sexy. The lingerie brand—which once earned $7 billion per year—has struggled since its peak in 2016, and lost market share to body-positive brands like Aerie, ThirdLove, and Skims. The company also struggled to keep up with a shift from padded and push-up bras to bralettes and sports bras, and was forced to cut prices on its signature pieces in an effort to boost sales. Victoria’s Secret was founded in 1977 by American businessman Roy Raymond, who opened the first store inside malls, a space where shoppers were encouraged to dress up and spend their money. The store was named after Queen Victoria and marketed itself as “a palace of pink dreams.” Raymond’s vision was to create a sensual undergarment line that would appeal to women, while still being appropriate for work and social occasions. A few years later, when retail titan Leslie H. Wexner bought the company, he created the Fashion Show, an annual event that showcased the company’s sexy lingerie and a sexy cast of models, including then-supermodels Stephanie Seymour and Yasmeen Ghauri. The shows were a hit, and the company became known for its sexiness, glamour, and “fantasy.” Despite this success, many consumers complained that Victoria’s Secret’s sexiness was shallow, exploitative, and reductive. In the era of #MeToo, where women were calling out sexual objectification of all kinds, and where people of all gender identities were demanding equality, it became clear that the company’s branding needed an overhaul. The company ditched the “Angels” for a group of diverse supermodels called the VS Collective, which includes Megan Rapinoe, Priyanka Chopra Jonas, and Paloma Elsesser. The company has also expanded its size range and reworked its products to include nursing bras and mastectomy bras, items the company once neglected because they didn’t fit the brand’s restrictive concept of beauty and desirability. Nevertheless, it’s unlikely that the company’s new branding will be enough to overcome its legacy as a company that promoted an unattainable ideal of female beauty. It’s not enough to change a culture that’s taught children to train like Olympic athletes, eat like hamsters, and zap their body hair, in the hope of getting into a good college or snagging a handsome man. This is a culture that’s been created to make a few wealthy women very, very rich—but it leaves a lot of other women feeling unworthy and invisible. And that’s not a message the company should be trying to sell.

A signature fragrance has the power to transform your look and boost your confidence in an instant. Whether you opt for a fresh floral or seductive oriental blend, our perfume for women will have you leaving a trail of enchanting fragrance in your wake. Whether you’re looking to add a little scent to your day or you’re in the market for something that will last longer than a Victoria’s Secret body spray (looking at you Love Spell), we’ve got a perfume to suit every mood and occasion. With a range of floral, fresh and fruity, and woody scents to choose from, you’re sure to find the perfect perfume for your unique personality. For a sophisticated and feminine scent that isn’t too overpowering, you can’t go wrong with the classic Chanel No. 5. Launched in 1921, this feminine floral scent is the ultimate vanity staple and has remained a bestseller for years. Similarly, a few spritzes of the ever-popular Miss Dior Cherie is sure to turn heads with its sweet and feminine combination of rose, jasmine and musk. If you’re after a bright and optimistic scent, the best women’s perfume should be light and clean. CK One, an optimistic and energetic fragrance, is a great choice thanks to its refreshing notes of lemon, papaya and pineapple, with green tea and cardamom adding a soft dimension. Alternatively, Tom Ford’s cult Black Orchid offers an intense and sensual fragrance that is both sophisticated and romantic. This perfume for women has been described as a “masterpiece of contradictions,” featuring decadent black cherry and bitter liqueur alongside Turkish rose and Arabian jasmine to create a luxurious fragrance that embodies mystery and intrigue. When it comes to perfume, gender norms are slowly being erased and more androgynous and unisex scents are becoming increasingly popular. However, it’s still common for many perfume brands to explicitly label their scent as either men’s or women’s. This is a result of decades of entrenched marketing practices and a misguided assumption that perfumes are suited for men or women. Perfume is a complex mix of chemicals that interact with your skin and smell differently on everyone. As such, gender should not be a deciding factor when choosing a fragrance. Instead, let your personality and personal style guide you. We’ve rounded up some of the most popular perfumes for women in our collection to help you find your signature scent.

Fragrance is a combination of chemicals that gives some products their scent. The word fragrance may cover dozens or even hundreds of different chemicals, depending on the product. Many of these are linked to harm to our health, and they can be hidden in a wide range of beauty products and household goods. Even products labeled as “unscented” or “natural” may still contain fragrance chemicals, since they are usually diluted so much that the smell is barely noticeable. Fragrance chemicals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, too, and their vapors contribute to ozone and particulate pollution. The term perfume (and its synonyms, aroma and odor) is used most commonly to refer to a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, though it can also describe the smell of a flower or other natural or synthetic substance. The word fragrance is also sometimes used in an ironic or humorous way, as in You have a lovely fragrance, or Your socks have a nice aroma. For centuries, human civilizations have been experimenting with and using perfumes. Ancient texts and archaeological excavations reveal the use of perfumes by some of the earliest civilizations. The modern perfume industry began with the commercial synthesis of aroma chemicals in the late 19th century, which allowed for the creation of fragrances that were previously unobtainable without the use of natural aromatics. Perfume is often referred to as an olfactory art form, with the creation of a perfume considered to be more of an art than a science. The creation of a new fragrance is considered to be one of the highest achievements of the perfumer, and the resulting formula is often kept a secret. In addition to the perfumer’s creative process, modern perfumery relies on a set of strict safety standards. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) and the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) develop and set voluntary standards that are incorporated into the fragrance industry’s testing system. These standards include hazard identification, hazard quantification, exposure assessment, group health and environmental testing, and toxicology. Fragrance chemicals are often harmful to our health, including causing allergies and contributing to asthma and other respiratory diseases. Some are even known carcinogens. Despite the health risks, most of the ingredients in fragrance aren’t required to be listed on product labels, and the FDA doesn’t regulate them like they do for pharmaceutical drugs. The good news is that Clearya can help you identify and avoid fragrance chemicals in your household and personal care products, by identifying the chemical names of fragrance components on product labels. You can then use our app to find non-toxic beauty and cleaning products that do not contain these chemicals. If you’d like to learn more about the health impacts of fragrances and how you can help support safer products, please click the links below to read our articles on these topics. And if you have any questions about finding safe products, we’re always here to help! You can reach us through our contact page.

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Fragrance is a combination of natural and synthetic materials, such as flowers, fruits, woods, and spices that are carefully blended to create a unique scent profile. It is used in perfumes and colognes, as well as in scented products such as soaps, cleaning supplies, air fresheners, and even candles to impart a pleasing aroma. Fragrance has the ability to evoke emotions, memories and sensory experiences in those who use it. The fragrance industry has a long history of self-regulation, relying on its own set of rules to ensure the safety of ingredients used in its products. This approach enables manufacturers to keep their compositions secret, but it also leaves consumers without the information they need to make an informed decision about whether or not a particular product is safe for them. Fragrances are complex mixtures of essential oils and other chemicals, created in a laboratory to mimic the scents of plants, flowers, or fruits. They can contain combinations of top notes, middle notes, and base notes that work together to produce a long-lasting and memorable aroma. Although ancient texts and archaeological excavations show that perfume was used by some of the earliest civilizations, modern perfumery only began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin. These new molecules enabled perfumers to create scents that were unattainable solely from the natural aromatics available at that time. In addition to synthetic perfume molecules, a variety of animal secretions are employed as fixatives in perfumes, helping to prevent the more volatile perfume ingredients from evaporating too rapidly. These include ambergris from the sperm whale, castor oil (also called castoreum) from beavers, and musk from civet cats and musk deer. Perfumes are usually formulated in an alcoholic solution, known as a perfume concentrate or aqueous extract. The concentration of this solution varies from perfume to perfume. The highest concentration is found in parfum, which may contain 10-25 percent perfume concentrate. The less concentrated eau de toilette or cologne is usually 2-6 percent. Toilet water and aftershave lotions contain 0.5-2 percent perfume concentrate. A perfume’s heart is formed by middle note compounds, which emerge just prior to the departure of the top notes. Middle note scents provide a more distinctive, lasting impression of the fragrance than the short-lived top and base notes. The final part of a perfume is its base, which lends a rich and solid scent to the overall fragrance. Base notes are derived from materials such as sandalwood, tobacco, and musk, which are often added to enhance the longevity of the scent. The International Fragrance Association and the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials set voluntary standards for the chemicals that are used in perfumes. These standards cover human health, environmental, respiratory, and allergy testing, as well as chemical screening for carcinogenicity and toxicity. While the FDA regulates cosmetic ingredients, it does not require that perfumes be approved before they are placed on the market.

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Fashion is a prevailing style of dress or manner of speaking that has a broad social impact. It often starts with individuals of high social status, such as celebrities, royalty and politicians, who start wearing new or different clothes, then people who like or respect them follow suit. Clothing has always been an important form of expression, and the choices we make about what to wear tell the world around us something about our personalities and values. As a social phenomenon, fashion is constantly evolving to reflect changing times and attitudes. Throughout history, fashion has been used to communicate a wide range of ideas and feelings, from the sartorial statement of a nun’s cassock to the symbolic power of a miniskirt to celebrate women’s freedom and emancipation. Fashion has also been a powerful tool for social change, with uniforms used to abolish class distinctions and enforce unity during communist revolutions or nineteenth century England. Today, fashion is a global industry, with millions of people involved in the design, sale and production of clothing. Fashion trends are influenced by cultural and environmental factors, including economics, politics and popular culture. Many fashion designers, for example, take political stances by designing clothing with messages that they hope will resonate with their target audience. In addition to designing and producing fashion, the industry also produces fashion journalism, a type of media that provides commentary, critique, guidelines and tips for the public on current fashion trends. This type of fashion journalism can be found in print and online, with magazines and newspapers, TV shows, YouTube videos and social networks (such as Instagram or TikTok) all contributing to the ever-changing face of fashion. Whether it’s for glamour, comfort or practicality, our clothing choices reflect who we are. A fashion trend can start in one person’s closet, then be spread to other people by word of mouth or through the media, with a new look becoming the next big thing. But a fashion trend can also be slow to develop, with an item of clothing spending years “out of fashion” before eventually making a comeback. A great article on fashion should offer original insights that readers haven’t seen before. This could be an insider’s perspective on the industry, or a fresh approach to a timeless style. Fashion articles should also be well-researched, with citations where appropriate. And finally, a good article on fashion should keep readers engaged from start to finish with compelling storytelling. This could be a personal story about the evolution of your own style, or an investigation into the dark side of the fashion industry. A powerfully written fashion article can be a great way to increase your readership and boost sales. Learn more about creating effective fashion articles with our free guide.

A perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents in liquid form that is used to give the human body, food, objects, animals and living spaces an agreeable smell. Perfumes have been worn from ancient times to promote health, beauty and social status. The modern perfume industry has evolved over the years with new and sophisticated extraction methods, chemical formulations and production techniques. Historically, perfumes were made from the natural smells of flowers, fruits and herbs. They were made either by maceration in oil or enfleurage, the process of collecting scented oils from flowers and other plants. Perfumes were made from these natural materials in various concentrations and for different occasions. For example, the personal perfumer to Catherine de Medici in Renaissance Italy would make the aristocracy a light floral scent and a rich, deep and more masculine fragrance for the middle class and the poor. Fragrance materials are grouped into families based on their aroma profile and the characteristics of the individual aromatic molecules. These groups are further categorized by their role in the perfume and their relationship to other ingredients. The classifications are used as a guide for perfumers to select the best fragrance materials. The structure of a perfume is also characterized by its head, heart and base notes. The head of a perfume contains the top notes, which are the first scents to be detected and the ones that evaporate the fastest. They include citrus, fruity, floral and herbaceous aromas. The heart of a perfume includes the middle notes, which provide the body of the fragrance. These aromas are less volatile and may last 5-30 minutes after application. They can include herbs, spices, woods and resins. The base of a perfume is the longest-lasting, and it can include musks, ambergris, incense, myrrh and other resinous oils. Most perfumes are created from a combination of natural and synthetic chemicals. The synthetic aromatics are more reliable than naturals for achieving the desired aroma, but their cost is highly dependent on their synthesis method. Some synthetics are cheaper than naturals, but others are more expensive due to their long synthesis routes and low yield. Perfumes are stored in dark glass bottles and kept away from heat, sunlight and moisture to prevent degradation. They should be sprayed onto the skin lightly and not rubbed in, as this can crush the scent molecules and alter their composition. The bottle should be tightly closed when not in use. It is important to understand that the scents of perfume can evolve and change throughout the day. This is why it is important to try out several fragrances on your skin before purchasing a full bottle. A store’s perfume consultants or “noses” can help guide you towards the scents that suit your tastes, considering your olfactive preferences and other factors like season and occasion. It is also a good idea to avoid rubbing your wrists together after applying perfume, as this can crush the scent molecules and cause them to fade faster.

For the first time in history, victoria secret reported sales that failed to meet expectations. The American lingerie giant has spent the past two years trying to reboot its image in a bid for relevance, but despite positive reviews online it appears that consumers are still drawn to on-trend upstarts like Savage X Fenty and Parade. Instead, the company’s empowerment reboot may have been a case of “go woke, go broke.” The story starts in 1979, when Victoria’s Secret founder Roy Raymond published the first of his catalogs featuring women sprawled out in suggestive poses. The business model was genius: women would buy a few pairs of skimpy panties, then feel empowered to wear them with abandon. The sexy brand grew steadily, and by the mid-’80s it had expanded beyond underwear to a full line of lingerie. But even then, the company was a little bit behind the times. Newsweek points out that a 1979 catalog featured women wearing lingerie with men’s names written on it, and that the evocative imagery seemed to be aimed at male shoppers, not female ones. It took a while, but when Wexner’s company bought the brand in 1984, he shifted the focus to women—and it worked. Over the next few decades, sales skyrocketed. The annual fashion show was a spectacle, and the lingerie brand’s so-called Angels became the faces of the company, gracing the covers of Vogue and starring in sexy commercials. But in recent years, the company has been rocked by #MeToo scandals, alleged links to Jeffrey Epstein, and accusations of oppressive size standards. Former models Bridget Malcolm and Dorothea Barth Jorgensen publicly criticized the company’s sizing policies. Then the company’s then-president Ed Razek sent the internet into a frenzy with an ill-advised interview in 2018 that insulted transgender and plus-size models. In 2020, Wexner sold a majority share of the business to a private-equity firm. It’s clear that the company needs to shift its strategy again. The new plan includes expanding into activewear and swim, updating its nearly 1,400 Victoria’s Secret and Pink locations, and opening 400 new ones outside North America. The company also plans to cut costs, which will likely mean higher discounts in store and on the website. All this sounds reasonable, but the company’s investors are skeptical about whether it will be able to bring sales back up over $7 billion. In a call with analysts, the CEO said that the “primary objective is to improve profitability.” “To do that, we’re focusing on what we can control—costs and cash flow,” he said. “The reality is that our performance has been impacted by a combination of factors, including the pandemic, weakening consumer confidence, and lower-than-expected customer traffic.” The looming question is how much longer the company can keep luring customers to its stores with promotions. It’s a delicate balance, and if the company can’t reinvigorate its customer base, it will be left with fewer and fewer dollars to spend on new products.