Fragrance is an enjoyable scent, often applied on the skin as perfume or cologne. It may be derived from natural sources, such as herbs and flowers or synthetically manufactured and used in scented products, such as household cleaners, soaps, deodorants, or even food additives. The term fragrance can also be used to describe a pleasant smell and the sense of smell itself, which can perceive seven distinct sensations: camphor, mint, musk, pine tree, flower, ether, and putrid [1].
Fragrances have been in use for thousands of years, as evidenced by ancient texts and archaeological excavations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin and coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes that had previously been unobtainable solely from natural aromatics. Today, the majority of fragrances are synthesized in laboratories because they are less expensive and require fewer raw materials than naturally derived perfume oils.
A perfume is usually composed of three structural parts: head, middle and base notes, which provide the initial impression, body and lasting impression respectively. The head note compounds that disperse the quickest are citrus (lemon, orange) and light fruits (berries, melon). These are followed by middle notes that appear close to their departure from the nose and include florals (jasmine, rose, lily), orchids, or herbs (sage, lavender).
Finally, the base notes provide depth, longevity and sillage to a perfume, typically emerging as the scent is blown away by the wind. These are often woody and musky and are derived from ingredients such as tobacco, amber, musk or patchouli.
The terms extrait, EdP, EDT and EdC are used by perfumeries to denote the concentration of oil in a given perfume. These dilutions are not necessarily equivalent, however, and a perfume’s oil concentration may vary among different concentrations of the same perfume within a single company.
Perfumes that contain phthalates or other endocrine disrupting chemicals can have negative health impacts, such as hormonal disruption, a reduction in sperm production and possible birth defects. Additionally, the chemical vapors from many fragranced products can lead to respiratory distress and contact dermatitis in some people.
Because of these concerns, it is important to choose non-toxic and fragrance free personal care products. Thankfully, there are plenty of choices on the market! Check out the EWG’s Skin Deep database to view the results of product testing. You can also find the EWG’s Safe Shopping Guide, which ranks and rates over 70,000 personal care products on a number of criteria, including their ingredient lists and their potential to cause harm. You can use this resource to find the best options for you and your family. This tool can help you easily identify the best beauty products to purchase, to reduce your exposure to hazardous chemicals and to make healthier beauty decisions. Then, enjoy your favorite products knowing you are nourishing your body and protecting your health.